Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the world. The good news is that it’s also one of the most curable. However, because many people who have it don’t show any symptoms, it often goes undiagnosed and untreated, leading to potential complications and further spread.

This guide will explain what Trichomoniasis (or “trich”) is, the symptoms to look for, how it’s treated, and why getting tested is so important.

What Is Trichomoniasis?

Trichomoniasis is a very common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a one-celled parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. This tiny organism travels from person to person during sexual contact.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it is the most common curable STD. A major challenge with what is trich is that the vast majority of infected individuals—about 70%—do not have any signs or symptoms. This means you can have and spread the infection without ever knowing it.

Common Causes of Trichomoniasis (How Do You Get It?)

The cause of the infection is the Trichomonas vaginalis parasite. How do you get trichomoniasis? It is spread almost exclusively through sexual contact.

• Transmission: The parasite passes from an infected person to an uninfected person during sex.
  • In women, the most common site of infection is the lower genital tract (vulva, vagina, cervix, or urethra).
  • In men, the most common site of infection is the inside of the penis (urethra).
• It is NOT spread through casual contact like hugging, kissing, sharing food or drinks, or sitting on a toilet seat.

Key Symptoms of Trichomoniasis

When trichomoniasis symptoms do appear, they usually show up within 5 to 28 days of infection, but can take much longer. The symptoms are different for men and women.

Symptoms in Women

Symptoms in women are more common and can range from mild irritation to severe inflammation. They include:

• Trichomoniasis discharge: This is a key sign. The vaginal discharge may be thin or frothy and have a yellowish-green color.
• Foul odor: A strong, “fishy” odor is common.
• Itching and Redness: Intense itching, burning, and soreness of the vulva and vagina.
• Painful Urination: A burning sensation when urinating.
• Painful Sex: Discomfort during intercourse.
• Lower abdominal pain (less common).

Symptoms in Men

Men are most often asymptomatic. When they do have symptoms, they typically include:

• Itching or irritation inside the penis
• A burning sensation after urination or ejaculation
• Some discharge from the penis (usually thin and whitish)

Diagnosis: How Do You Know You Have It?

Because most people don’t have symptoms, the only way to know for sure if you have trichomoniasis is to get tested.

• Physical Exam: For women, a doctor may perform a pelvic exam. In some cases, a doctor may see tiny red sores (petechiae) on the cervix, sometimes called a “strawberry cervix.”
• Lab Test: The most reliable way to diagnose trichomoniasis is with a lab test. A healthcare provider will take a sample (a swab from the vagina or penis) or a urine sample. This sample is then tested in a lab to look for the parasite.

Treatment Options for Trichomoniasis

The best news about trichomoniasis is that it is easily cured.

• Antibiotics: The trichomoniasis treatment is a course of antibiotics, typically metronidazole or tinidazole. These are usually given in a single large dose or in smaller doses over several days.
• Treat All Partners: It is essential that all sexual partners of an infected person are treated at the same time. This prevents “ping-ponging” the infection back and forth.
• Avoid Sex: You should not have sex again until you and your partner(s) have completed treatment and any symptoms are gone (usually about 7-10 days).
• Avoid Alcohol: Do not drink alcohol for 24 hours after taking metronidazole or 72 hours after taking tinidazole, as this combination can cause severe nausea and vomiting.

Risk Factors

Anyone who is sexually active is at risk for trichomoniasis. Factors that increase your risk include:

• Having multiple sexual partners
• Not using condoms consistently
• Having a history of other STIs (if you have one, you are more likely to have another)
• A previous trichomoniasis infection (re-infection is common)

In fact, the CDC notes that about 1 in 5 people get infected again within 3 months of treatment, which is why getting re-tested is so important.

Prevention Tips

You can protect yourself and others from trichomoniasis with these steps:

• Use Condoms: Latex condoms, when used correctly every time you have sex, are highly effective at preventing the spread of trichomoniasis.
• Get Tested: If you have a new partner or multiple partners, get tested regularly for STIs. If you are diagnosed, be sure to tell your partners so they can be treated, too.
• Mutual Monogamy: Limiting your number of sexual partners to one person who has been tested and is uninfected is a reliable way to avoid STIs.

When to See a Doctor

You should see a doctor or visit a sexual health clinic if:

• You notice any of the symptoms listed above, especially an abnormal discharge or burning.
• Your sexual partner has been diagnosed with trichomoniasis or any other STI.
• You are concerned you may have been exposed.

Untreated trichomoniasis is not just uncomfortable; it can lead to serious complications.

• Increased HIV Risk: The inflammation from trichomoniasis can make it easier to get or spread other STIs, including HIV.
• Pregnancy Complications: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), untreated trichomoniasis in pregnant women is linked to preterm birth and low birth weight.

This infection is common and treatable. Getting tested and taking the medication as prescribed is a simple and effective way to protect your health and the health of your partners.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment

Published on July 28, 2023 and Last Updated on October 30, 2025 by: Priyank Pandey